Chilhood Disorders essays

Chilhood Disorders essays 1. Mood Disorders Major depression, manic depressive disorder (called bipolar disorder) and mania are disorders which cause change in childs mood. Depression is caused by a number of factors from chemical imbalances to environmental influences to genetics. It is often mistaken for the blues and goes untreated. Major depression causes people to feel hopeless, exhausted and useless. It can cause problems with sleep, appetite, self-esteem, daily activities and physical health. 2. Anxiety Disorders - Fears that dont go away with time. Comes in many forms and may be experienced differently in each person. The person usually feels constant terror, dread or worry beyond ones normal reactions to danger. Anxiety occurs when a child is overly anxious, experiences separation anxiety, or avoids certain situations, peoples or places. 3. Attention-Deficit Disorder (ADD) affects a childs ability to concentrate, learn and maintain a normal level of activity. Excessive activity impatience, constant distraction, shifting form one activity to another and restless sleeping are common to (ADD) 4. Autism This is the most disabling of pervasive development disorders, a series of disorders that affect intellectual skills; responses to senses; and the ability to communicate. Autistic children fail to develop normal relationships with anyone, including parents. Autistic children have difficulty communicating because they dont develop language skills. 5. Enuresis This is repeated urination during the day or night into bed 6. Encopresis The inability to control bowel movements resulting in defecation in clothing, bed or on the floor. Encopresis more commonly affects boy than girls. 7. Oppositional Behavior Is the loosing of ones temper, arguing with parents or teachers, refusing to follow rules, being mean or seeking revenge, deliberately annoying people,...

Picasso's Influence on Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons Essay

Picasso's Influence on Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons - Essay Example The essay "Picasso's Influence on Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons" analyzes Pablo Picasso, cubism and how they influenced on Gertrude Stein's "Tender Buttons". A painting may be a true art but a chair to sit on is an artistic element. Art which has less functional values is called fine arts while the objects which serve the functional purpose are called craft. At one time period art has been considered to primarily depict the ideas of truth and beauty. Art when used to convey beauty has also helped in creating awareness in people, has helped them to fight for their right, has shown them where the world is heading and how to make it a better place for our next generation. Hence art has been used to convey meaning and is not just used for pleasure. Awareness and enthusiasm has been created in people through various forms of art. It could be poetry, painting, a novel, a song, a sculpture, an act of drama; art can be of any form and can convey meaning in anyway though its should be under stood, then only it has its worth and serves its purpose. Picasso and Gertrude are one of those who has served the people through their work. Both these artists had interest in cubism; Picasso used it in his paintings while Stein had used it in her writings. During 1909 and 1919 Picasso along with Braque developed Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Analytic Cubism is a style of painting using monochrome brownish colors while Synthetic Cubism is a development of Cubism in which pieces of newspaper are pasted into the composition.... severe poverty where he had to burn of his work to provide warmth to himself and he had also seen high times when his work had become famous after he had started signing his work with only 'Picasso' rather than 'Pablo Ruiz y Picasso'. During the time he was famous he had attend dinners and parties with rich and elite class people and have had many women in his life. During 1909 and 1919 Picasso along with Braque developed Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Analytic Cubism is a style of painting using monochrome brownish colors while Synthetic Cubism is a development of Cubism in which pieces of newspaper or wallpaper are pasted into the composition making use of collage in fine art. During the First and Second World War and Spanish Civil War Picasso remained neutral but he supported the idea through his paintings. During the Spanish Civil War, Picasso living abroad had voluntarily participated by expressing his anger and condemnation of Franco and Fascists through his work. He supported the Catalan independence movement and became a member of the Communist Party. Picasso became a loyal member of French Communist Party in 1944 and attended an international peace conference in Poland. In 1950 he received a Stalin Peace Prize from the government and the Stalin portrait depicted that his interest in the communist politics had become low though he remained a faithful member of the communist party until his death. [2] Cubism Cubism is a twentieth century art movement that has changed the European painting; it was very significant in France during 1907 and 1914. It has been founded by both Picasso and Braque. The artist depicts the subject from many sides and shows a greater context while cubist artworks include broken up objects which are analyzed and re-arranged.

Schopenhaeur Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Schopenhaeur - Term Paper Example Many people have tried to explain this and there are many different religions which have been formulated on this basis. Many religions have different viewpoints on death however; Buddhism is one of the best in describing life after death. This paper will focus on the perspective utilized by Schopenheur. My friend life is something which we are given unknowingly and there is no knowledge from where we come from hence making us existence in the absence of our knowledge and will. This makes us mere existing objects who are unaware of our origins before birth and where would go after death. Since every person came onto the world without any worry of the future he or she has no reason or substantial basis to worry about the afterlife. Therefore my friend, as you age you can only enjoy and reminisce on the moments which you have lived as these are the ones which have had control over and were able to witness and acknowledge. These are the moments which were yours and you had control as well as the desire to make. There is no reason for you to think what will happen as you move to the next stage of life because you have already experience the most fulfilling part. There are many things which we do not know and if they are not in our hands then there is no reason which we should stress over them. If there is another phase of life after we die, then there are many ways which we can attempt to understand this phase. Yes my friend, curiosity is perhaps something that is existent in all of us; however, this is not to say you should be worried. In the past, many people, particularly religions have attempted to explain the afterlife and this makes it a very interesting subject. What you choose to believe of course entirely up to you. For example, Christianity has attempted to explain the afterlife from the viewpoint of eternal life. This is one aspect which is very controversial as there is a

How the Internet has Changed the way we live Essay

How the Internet has Changed the way we live - Essay Example Department of Defense gave birth to ARPANET which later became the internet. The visionaries who saw great potential in using computers to share information on research in scientific and military fields laid the spark of internet's birth. In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider of MIT proposed a global network of computers. Leonard Kleinrock developed the packet switching which is the basis of internet connections. In 1965, Lawrence Roberts connected a Massachusetts computer with a Californian one over dial-up telephone lines. The ARPANET, first brought online in 1969, initially connected four computers at universities in southwestern US. Ray Tomlinson, in 1972, brought e-mail to ARPANET. He was the one who introduced the symbol-@- to connect the username and address. The internet was designed to provide a communication network that would resist nuclear attacks. The early users were computer experts, engineers, scientists and librarians. During the '60s and '70s, Frederick G. Kilgour of the Ohio College Library Center led networking of Ohio libraries. In the mid 1970s, New England, the southwest states, Mid Atlantic states, etc. joined it to form national, later, international networks. The ARPANET matured in the '70s due to the TCP/IP architecture proposed and developed by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf. USENET was born in 1979 with the Unix to Unix Protocol invention. Newsgroups were introduced to exchange information throughout the world. Though it was not a significant part of the Internet (due to the lack of TCP/IP), it played a vital role in the development of the Internet. BITNET appeared in1981 and it connected the mainframes of IBM and also provided mail services. SCNET, developed in 1984, grew into NSFNet, the backbone of Internet. In 1986, when it was developed, it gave access to a number of super computing centers. More departments started making use of the Internet. Hence, more tools and resources were needed. More universities, organizations and libraries got connected and Internet became harder to track. In 1991, the first friendly interface to the Internet was developed. In July, 1992, Delphi, the first national commercial online service offered Internet access to its subscribers. In 1993, Microsoft Internet Explorer was developed. With the release of Windows 98 which the browser well integrated in the desktop, Bill Gates capitalized on the Internet. The Internet Boom The impact of the Internet is too enormous that it takes a lifetime to elaborate on it. Business entered the Internet arena. Advertising showed up to attract consumers. Online shopping entered a faster pace. Consumers found it easy when they could compare prices. Delphi's free offer of web pages, chat rooms, community building centers, etc. made the Internet more and more on demand. High-speed connections spread. Cable modems and digital subscriber lines replaced the older, slower ones. Wireless access bloomed. Now, we even have small, portable devices that can be used to access the Internet like, the pocket PC, game machines, GPS devices, etc. Let us discuss how Internet affects the various fields of our day to day lives. IMPACTS ON BUSINESS In the beginning, the use of Internet remained to searching and mailing. With the rise of more innovations, people started applying technology to various fields. Business is one such field which was rewritten by the entry of Internet. ECONOMY We saw the days when anything was

Bednet Utilization Survey in the Philippines

Bednet Utilization Survey in the Philippines Bednet Utilization and Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Survey among Selected Barangays in 40 41 Malaria Endemic Provinces in the Philippines Survey Protocol Introduction: The Philippines has 80 provinces comprising 1,634 municipalities. These municipalities are further subdivided into barangays (villages) which is the smallest administrative unit. At the start of 2003, malaria was endemic in 66 provinces in the Philippines. The population at risk, defined at that time as the entire population of the province where malaria cases were found, was estimated to be 70,687,400. By 2010, malaria was endemic in 57 provinces and 843 municipalities in the Philippines. The population at most risk was 6,387,734, or 12.5% of the total national population. At this time, the population at risk was defined as the people living in barangays with stable, unstable and sporadic transmission based on the most recent stratification system of the National Program. By 2013, there was further reduction in the number of malaria endemic provinces to 53. Just 47 higher-incidence municipalities in 13 provinces contributed about 97% of the total malaria cases reported in 2011-2013 Malaria has historically been one of the 10 leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. Over an 8-year period, and in particular, the recent years of 2010-2013 – there has been a significant reduction in malaria cases, annual parasite incidence (API) and mortality rates throughout most of the country (Malaria Program Review 2013). Incidence of malaria has declined rapidly due to the intensified strategies implemented in the endemic areas by the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) and Local Government Units with the support from The Global Fund (TGF), World Health Organization (WHO), Pilipinas Shell Foundation Inc. (PSFI) and other partners. Recent report indicates malaria cases to be less than seven thousand five hundred in 2013 down from more than twenty thousand cases at the start of the project. The national goal of malaria elimination by 2020, in the light of current developments, is attainable. Fine tuning the program strategies and activities can be f urther enhanced with the data gathered in this study. Review of Literature Insecticide treated nets (ITN) are an effective tool for preventing the transmission of malaria[Lengeler C. Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 2.]. Efforts promoting the use of LLIN are geared towards the broader objective of universal coverage, defined at the household level as the use of insecticide-treated nets by all household members regardless of age or gender, and with a coverage at the community level reaching at least 80% of those at risk [WHO, Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets: A WHO Position Statement]. In a bednet utilization survey conducted in 2012 by Dela Cruz et. al, ninety-eight percent (98%) of households in the areas surveyed owned a mosquito net. On the average, there were 2.72 or roughly 3 nets present in every household. The survey revealed further that eighty-four percent (84%) of total sample population have slept inside a mosquito net the previous night. Also, approximately ninety-seven per cent (97%) of children 5 years old and below in the sample population slept under a mosquito net the previous night and approximately eighty-eight (88%) of pregnant women in the same sample population did likewise. This current survey seeks to determine the current rates of use and roughly validate such practice as revealed in the previous surveys. Objectives of the Survey: The survey aims to: 1. To determine the coverage and usage of LLINs by general populations, by pregnant women, by children less than five years of age in the target provinces, municipalities, and barangays identified. 2. To assess the interviewees’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to malaria. 3. Generate data for program monitoring and evaluation. The results of this survey will likewise be used as baseline for the 13 provinces to which change will be evaluated against in 2016. Key Indicators to measure: Proportion of population who slept under the mosquito net the previous night Proportion of children under 5 who slept under the mosquito net the previous night Proportion of pregnant women who slept under the mosquito net the previous night Percentage of population at risk covered by LLINs Proportion of population owning a mosquito net (ITN/ LLIN) Proportion of population who know the cause of, symptoms of, treatment for, and preventive measures for malaria stratified by people owning and not owning nets Study area and study population: The BUS-KAP will be conducted in a total of 41 malaria endemic provinces in the country. The 41 provinces will be divided into 2 groups of provinces with each cluster having a sample obtained from them. One group will be composed of 13 provinces while the other group will be of 28 provinces. The 13 provinces in the first group represent the provinces that will be covered in 2015 to 2017 under the GFATM New Funding Model (NFM) Grant. These are the provinces with a three-year average API of more than 1 per 1,000 pop. In these provinces, there are approximately 3,352,465 people living in the stable, unstable and, sporadic transmission barangays (population-at-risk). The second group of provinces of 28 is those with a three-year average API falling below 1 per 1,000 pop. These provinces will no longer be fully covered in the NFM Grant in 2015 to 2017. These provinces have a total at-risk population of 3,094,007. Study Methodology: The study will be a cross-sectional survey. The 41 provinces will be divided into 2 groups – one group with 13 provinces and the other group with 28 provinces. The group of 13 provinces are those with average 3-year API of 1 per 1,000 pop and above; the group of 28 provinces are those with a 3-year average API of less than 1 per 1,000 pop. The group of 13 provinces represents the provinces that will be covered under the NFM Grant in 2015-2017. From each group, only the barangays with stable, unstable and sporadic transmission will be included as source of the household samples. By definition, the people residing in these barangays within the provinces are the population-at-risk. Sample size will be computed using the estimated population-at-risk and household number in the identified stable, unstable, and sporadic transmission barangays. Both groups of provinces will have a sample of their own. The household will be the unit to be sampled or surveyed. The household number in the barangays will be obtained by dividing the population by 5, which is the estimated household size. The barangays in each group of provinces will be clustered according to stratification – a cluster of stable transmission barangays, a cluster for unstable, and another cluster for sporadic transmission. The household samples will be taken from the clusters of the stable, unstable, and sporadic transmission barangays in the provinces. A sample will be taken from each stratification area – a number from all stable transmission barangays, another number will be taken from the unstable, and another from the sporadic areas. The number of barangays per stratification area that are to be included in the survey is 30 (the minimum number statistically requested). and average number of households to be surveyed in each barangay is equal to total number of households per stratification area divided by 30. The barangays to be surveyed will be randomly selected. Likewise, the households to be interviewed in each barangay will be randomly selected. Sample Size: The sample size figures were produced using StatCalc of Epi Info 7. The factors considered in determining sample size are the following: (1) A desired confidence level of 95% (2) An assumed prevalence of 50% in the target population. (3) The Design Effect (DEFF), which expresses the increase of the sample size needed over that of a simple random sample as a multiplier. A DEFF of 2 will be used. (4) The desired precision, typically equal to one half of the confidence interval width. We will assume that an overall precision of 5% is desired. (5) A 10% non-response rate is also assumed Data Gathering: A team will be trained to conduct the interviews among the selected samples. The survey questionnaire form, attached as Annex B, will be used in the interviews. Two sets of questionnaires will be utilized. The first set is the household-level questionnaire that will be answered by the head of the household or, in the event that the head of the household is not present, the person next in authority who residing in the household will be interviewed. The questions to be answered pertains to household composition, characteristics of the house, household health seeking behavior, net ownership, net use, and others (refer to Annex A Questionnaire). The second set is the individual-level questionnaire that will be answered by all eligible adults ranging from 15 years old and above who are residing in the household and are present at the time of visit. The questions in this set pertain to knowledge and attitudes of the respondents. The trained team of interviewers will fill-up the printed questionnaires with the answers provided by the respondents Inclusion Criteria: For the household level questionnaire, the household head, father or mother, will be the eligible respondent. In the absence of either, any resident of the household above 15 years old may answer. For the individual level questionnaire, all individuals residing in the household at the time of survey who are above 15 years old are eligible respondents. Data Management and Analysis: The data from the completed questionnaires will be entered into excel software or other capable data management software. Means and proportions will be computed/ generated to establish the values for the identified indicators: Proportion of population who slept under the mosquito net the previous night Proportion of children under 5 who slept under the mosquito net the previous night Proportion of pregnant women who slept under the mosquito net the previous night Percentage of population at risk covered by LLINs Proportion of population who know the cause of, symptoms of, treatment for, and preventive measures for malaria Ethical Considerations: Confidentiality will be observed and maintained at all times possible. Data gatherers and encoders will be made familiar with the questions and its implications and will be trained on delivering the questions and handling responses gathered. Wherever possible, responses are coded and known only to the research team. All these measures are to minimize the risk of breech in confidentiality that may produce negative consequences to the respondent/s reputation or status. Further, informed consent will be utilized for the respondents of the survey. The respondents will be briefed on the purpose and process of the survey and only if they fully understand and agree to what was explained will they be considered as participant. This will be documented with a signed informed consent form. The data gatherers will likewise be trained in obtaining the informed consent form. Where appropriate, the questionnaires and informed consent form will be translated to the local dialect or dominant dialect understood in the community. The translated versions will be tested for understandability or validity. Review and clearance from a recognized Ethical Review Board will be sought. In addition, review and affirmation from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples and other governing groups of the affected populations will be obtained as needed. Time Frame: The study will take about 4 months to complete and will be contracted out to a third party entity who will closely work with the malaria Technical Working Group spearheaded by the National Program Coordinator of the Department of Health. Budget: This conduct of this survey will be contracted out to a third party. Estimated budget and its breakdown are as follows:

Free Catcher in the Rye Essays: The Highly Overrated Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Overrated Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is probably the most frequently taught book in American high schools and colleges in the second half of the twentieth century. I am not too sure, though, if the novel deserves the position it has held for so long. The book sees the narrator, Holden Caulfield, a seventeen-year-old boy from New York City, tell the story of three days in his life. The whole narrative is a kind of therapeutic coming-to-terms-with-the-past story, since Holden obviously tells it from a psychiatric institution. It is the adult world that has made him a "madman," as he often characterizes himself. He just cannot relate to anyone except for his kid sister Phoebe. Everything and all other people seem "phony" to him. He flunks out of three boarding schools in a row, the latest of them Pencey Prep, which is also where the first part of the story takes place. One Saturday night, after some last experiences with his history teacher "Old Spencer," his roommate Stradlater and the boy next door, Robert Ackley, Holden decides to leave Pencey four days early for Christmas break. He knows that he cannot return and that his parents will get a letter about his suspension on Wednesday. He spends the night and the following two days wandering around New York in a kind of aimless quest: He stays at a cheap hotel for one night, goes to two night clubs, dances with older women, often talks and thinks about sex, even has a callgirl come up to his room, but cannot get himself to perform the act. Finally, he gets beaten up by the callgirl's pimp. The next day, he talks with some nuns about literature and has a date with his former girlfriend Sally Woodruff. They go to a theater show and ice-skating together. When he asks her to run away with him, she gets mad and they part. He is "depressed," thinks about and even talks to his dead bro ther Allie a lot and finally sneaks into his parents' apartment at night to talk to his sister. He tells her about his dream to be a "catcher in the rye," and that he wants to run away. He then leaves to meet his former teacher, Mr. Antolini. They have a good talk, but Holden leaves in a hurry when his host makes a sexual advance on him.